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mc13180 ordering information device marking package MC13180FC MC13180FC qfn-48 package information plastic package case 1314 (qfn-48) definitive data - motorola reserves the right to change the produc tion detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the design of its produc t. ? motorola, inc., 2003. all rights reserved. the mc13180 2.4 ghz low power wireless transceiver for bluetooth? is a part of the comprehensive bluetooth platform from motorola that provides a complete, low-power bluetooth radio system for bluetooth class 1 or 2 power systems. the design is based on motorola's third - generation bluetooth architecture that has set the industry standard for interoperability, complete functionality, and compliance with the bluetooth specification. when combined with a specified motorola baseband controller such as the mc71000 or mc9328mx1, a complete bluetooth solution can be realized. the mc13180 provides a unique combination of sensitivity, excellent c/i performance, and low power consumption. these performance parameters are extremely important to maintaining a robust link in high rf interference environments such as mobile phones, high density bluetooth networks, 802.11b networks, microwave ovens, etc. ? power supply range: 2.5 to 3.1 v ? low current drain in transmit (27 ma peak) or receive (37 ma peak) mode ? minimum external components ? low if receiver with on-chip filters ? fully integrated demodulator with a/d ? direct launch transmitter ? multi-accumulator, dual-port, fractional - n synthesizer ? rssi with a/d ? bluetooth class i compatible ? crystal independent (12 to 15 mhz) reference oscillator or 12 to 26 mhz if supplied externally technical data mc13180/d rev. 2, 05/2003 2.4 ghz low power wireless transceiver ic for bluetooth? applications contents 1 specifications . . . . . . . . 4 2 connections . . . . . . . . . 16 3 performance characteristics. . . . . . . 24 4 functional description 25 5 application . . . . . . . . . 49 6 application pcbs. . . . . 55 7) packaging. . . . . . . . . . . 59
2 mc13180 technical data motorola figure 1. simplified block diagram this device contains 81,604 active transistors. pa enable d/a integer-n synthesizer reference oscillator rx/tx control functions internal memory 3 - acc dual-port, frac-n synthesizer 90 phase splitter phase splitter rx/tx enable a/d demod lna pma bpf limiter rssi 24 mhz 2.5 ghz vco xtal lpa antenna high/low side image reject mixer 2 3 rx/tx data controlbus interface bus external t/r enable printed balun programmable gfsk lut dividers internal clocks rx/tx data clock 45 45 6-bit, 4x oversample a/d 24 mhz reset t/r switch cp/ lpf cp/ lpf lpf lpf v cc ramp generator external pa enable external pa control
motorola mc13180 technical data 3 figure 2. device pinout lut ref osc dc pll/vco test mux rssi frac-n pre cp d/a a/d d/a v c c l n a g n d m i x v c c m i x v c c m o d g n d m o d g n d v c o v c c v c o g n d p r e v c c p r e m l p f g n d c p v c c c p t o u t + t o u t - g n d l i m v c c l i m g n d d e m v c c d e m g n d x b a s e e m m c o l l d c v c o d c c p gndlna rfin gndlna epaen vccpa pa+ gndpa pa- gpo epadac tin+ tin- vss vdd vddint res ce sdata sck clk fs rfdata rtxen vccdc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vdd vcc vcc vcc vcc pa pa buff lna pma t/r high/low ir mixer a/d b p f s p i l o g i c c o r e ( l c ) l i m i t e r d e m o d lpf main vco lc lc spi spi spi lc h/l select from spi ramp generator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37
4 mc13180 technical data motorola electrical characteristics 1 electrical characteristics table 1. maximum ratings ratings symbol value unit supply voltage v cc rf v ddint 3.2 3.2 v junction temperature t j 150 c storage temperature range t stg -60 to 150 c notes: 1. maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. functional operation should be restricted to the limits in the recommended operating conditions and electrical characteristics tables. 2. meets human body model (hbm) 2.0 kv and machine model (mm) 200 v except rf & i/o pins = 50 v mm, rf pins = 100 v hbm, and i/o pins <500 v. rf pins have no esd protection. additional esd data available upon request. table 2. recommended operating conditions characteristic symbol min typ max unit power supply voltage v cc rf 2.5 2.7 3.1 vdc power supply voltage, logic interface (v ddint v cc rf) v ddint 1.65 - v cc rf vdc input frequency f in 2.4 - 2.5 ghz ambient temperature range (see section 5.1, using full temperature range) t a -40 25 85 c ref osc frequency range (only integral multiples of 20 khz may be used) with crystal external source f ref 12 12 13 - 15 26 mhz table 3. digital dc electrical specifications ( v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, t a = 25c, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to specified defaults in figure 4, unless otherwise noted. see figure 3 test circuit. ) characteristic symbol min typ max unit supply current ce , sdata, sck, rfdata, rtxen, v in = 0 v or 1.8 v res , v in = 0 v (reset mode) res , v in = 1.8 v (idle mode) i ddint - - 0.2 0.5 2.0 3.0 a ma radio power supply current, sleep mode i ccrfsleep -2.010a radio power supply current, idle mode i ccrfidle -3.44.0ma
electrical characteristics motorola mc13180 technical data 5 radio power supply current transmit, 1 slot transmit, 3 slot transmit, 5 slot transmit, continuous i ccrftx1 i ccrftx3 i ccrftx5 i ccrftxc - - - - 22 25 26 27 - - - 33 ma radio power supply current receive, 1 slot receive, 3 slot receive, 5 slot receive, continuous i ccrfrx1 i ccrfrx3 i ccrfrx5 i ccrfrxc - - - - 30 34 35 37 - - - 47.5 ma output voltage low sdata, clk, fs, rfdata iload = 0 a iload = 100 a v ol - - 20 - - 0.2 x v ddint mv v output voltage high sdata, clk, fs, rfdata iload = 0 a iload = 100 a v oh - 0.8 x v ddint 1.78 - - - v output voltage low epaen, gpo iload = 0 a iload = 100 a v ol - - 20 - - 0.2 x v cc rf mv v output voltage high epaen, gpo iload = 0 a iload = 100 a v oh - 0.8 x v cc rf 2.68 - - - v input voltage low res , ce , sdata, sck, rfdata, rtxen v il -00.3 x v ddint v input voltage high res , ce , sdata, sck, rfdata, rtxen v ih 0.7 x v ddint v ddint -v input current res , ce , sdata, sck, rfdata, rtxen, v in = 0 v or 1.8 v i in -1.0-a table 3. digital dc electrical specifications (continued) ( v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, t a = 25c, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to specified defaults in figure 4, unless otherwise noted. see figure 3 test circuit. ) characteristic symbol min typ max unit
6 mc13180 technical data motorola electrical characteristics table 4. epa dac electrical specifications (v cc rf = 3.1 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, t a = 25c, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to specified defaults in figure 4 except r11/7 = 1, unless otherwise noted.) characteristic symbol min typ max unit output voltage epadac, iload = 100 a padac = 000000 padac = 100000 padac = 111111 v out - - 2.5 0.02 1.60 3.08 0.4 - - v resolution resol - 6 - bits linearity inl/dnl - 1.0 2.0 lsb average supply current (1-slot packet) i ccdac - 197 500 a table 5. digital ac electrical specifications (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, t a = 25c, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to specified defaults in figure 4, unless otherwise noted. see figure 3 test circuit and figure 12 timing diagram.) characteristic symbol min typ max unit propagation delay, rtxen to fs, receive mode t propfs - 168 - s receiver latency, lna in to rfdata, receive mode r x lat - 1.0 - s receive disable time t rxdis -0- s strobe delay, rtxen to rfdata, transmit mode t stb - txsync + 0.5 - s transmit sync delay (i.e., r8/15-8) txsync 182 184 192 s hold time, rtxen to rfdata, transmit mode t hold -4.0- s transmit latency, rtxen to paout, transmit mode t x lat - txsync + 2.5 - s transmit data rate, bit transfer rate to rfdata, transmit mode t bit -1.0- s transmit disable time t txdis -20- s clk duty cycle 30 40 70 %
electrical characteristics motorola mc13180 technical data 7 table 6. receiver ac electrical specifications (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, desired rf in = 2.441 ghz @ f dev = 157.5 khz, interferer f dev = 160 khz, modulation = gfsk, bt = 0.5, bit rate = 1.0 mbps, modulating data for desired signal = prbs9, modulating data for interfering signal = prbs15, measured ber < 0.1%, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to figure 4, t a = 25c, unless otherwise noted. measurements made from lna in to recovered data out. see figure 3 test circuit.) characteristics symbol min typ max bluetooth specs unit receiver sensitivity t a = 25c t a = -40 to 85c sens min - - -85 -80 -75 -70 dbm receiver sensitivity degradation in the presence of a dirty transmitter --1.5- db maximum usable signal level sens max -20 > 0 - -20 dbm co-channel interference @ -60 dbm c/i co - 8.0 11 11 db adjacent channel interference adjacent (1 mhz) interference @ -60 dbm adjacent (2 mhz) interference @ -60 dbm adjacent ( 3 mhz) interference @ -67 dbm c/i 1mhz c/i 2mhz c/i 3mhz - - - -8.0 -33 -46 0 -30 -40 0 -30 -40 db image frequency interference @ -67 dbm c/i image - -17 -9.0 -9.0 db adjacent interference to in-band image frequency @ -67 dbm c/i image 1 --33-20 -20 db spurious response frequencies - 2 5 5 intermodulation performance [note 1] -39 -31 - -39 dbm receiver spurious emissions 30 mhz to 1.0 ghz 1.0 ghz to 12.75 ghz - - -70 -56 -57 -47 -57 -47 dbm receiver blocking performance (see figure 31) [note 2] 30 mhz to 2.0 ghz (1.999 ghz) 2.0 to 2.399 ghz (2.399 ghz) 2.498 to 3.0 ghz (2.498 ghz) 3.0 to 12.75 ghz (3.001 ghz) -25 -27 -27 -10 -9.0 -16 -16 2.0 - - - - -10 -27 -27 -10 dbm note: 1. measured at f 2 - f 1 = 5.0 mhz in accordance to bluetooth specification. 2. as allowed by the bluetooth specification, up to 5 exceptions may be taken for spurious response.
8 mc13180 technical data motorola electrical characteristics rssi conversion value, (r4/6 and r9/8 = 1) rf level at lna input to maintain conversion value of: 1000 1111 rssi -60 - -56 -70 -52 -66 dbm rssi resolution (r4/6 and r9/8 = 1) rssi res -1.8- db/bit rssi dynamic range 20 - - db rssi average supply current (r4/6 and r9/8 = 1) -40- a table 7. transmitter ac electrical specifications (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, modulation = gfsk, bt = 0.5, bit rate = 1.0 mbps, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to figure 4, t a = -40 to 85c, unless otherwise noted. measurements made at pa out . see figure 3 test circuit.) characteristics symbol min typ max bluetooth specs unit rf transmit output power t a = 25 c t a = 85 c t a = -20 c p out -3.5 -3.5 -3.5 1.9 0.1 2.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 -6.0 to 4.0 -6.0 to 4.0 -6.0 to 4.0 dbm -20 dbc occupied bandwidth occbw - 930 1000 1000 khz in-band spurious emissions adjacent channel 2.0 mhz offset adjacent channel 3.0 mhz offset adjacent channel 3.0 mhz offset inb2 inb3 inbg3 - - - -59 -65 -70 -20 -40 -40 -20 -40 -40 dbm in band spurious emission exceptions inbex - 0 3 3 out of band spurious emissions 30 mhz to 1.0 ghz 1.0 to 12.75 ghz (2nd harmonic) 1.8 to 1.9 ghz 5.15 to 5.3 ghz outb1 outb2 outb3 outb4 - - - - -57 -19 -58 -56 -36 -5.0 -47 -47 -36 -30 -47 -47 dbm peak frequency deviation dev 140 157.5 175 140 to 175 khz minimum frequency deviation devmin 115 148 - 115 khz high vs. low frequency modulation percentage modin 80 93 - 80 % initial frequency accuracy initfa -75 5.0 -75 75 khz table 6. receiver ac electrical specifications (continued) (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, desired rf in = 2.441 ghz @ f dev = 157.5 khz, interferer f dev = 160 khz, modulation = gfsk, bt = 0.5, bit rate = 1.0 mbps, modulating data for desired signal = prbs9, modulating data for interfering signal = prbs15, measured ber < 0.1%, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to figure 4, t a = 25c, unless otherwise noted. measurements made from lna in to recovered data out. see figure 3 test circuit.) characteristics symbol min typ max bluetooth specs unit
electrical characteristics motorola mc13180 technical data 9 transmitter center frequency drift one-slot packet three-slot packet five-slot packet d1 d3 d5 -25 -40 -40 3.0 6.0 6.0 25 40 40 25 40 40 khz maximum frequency drift dmax - 3.0 20 20 khz/ 50 s pa output impedance s22 see table 23 db table 8. receiver ac electrical specifications (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, modulation = gfsk, bt = 0.5, bit rate = 1.0 mbps, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to figure 4, t a = -40 to 85c, unless otherwise noted. measurements made at lna in . see figure 3 test circuit.) characteristic symbol min typ max unit maximum usable signal level, t a = -40 to 85 c sensmax - 0-dbm receiver blocking performance, t a = 25 c w-cdma 1.8 ghz w-cdma 2.2 ghz gsm 1.8 ghz - - - -14 -13 -13 - - - dbm co-channel interference @ -60 dbm, t a = -40 to 85 c c/i co - 8.0 - db adjacent interference, t a = 25 c adjacent (1 mhz) interference @ -70 dbm adjacent (2 mhz) interference @ -70 dbm adjacent ( 3 mhz) interference @ -77 dbm c/i 1mhz c/i 2mhz c/i 3mhz - - - -8.0 -41 -47 - - - db image frequency interference @ -77 dbm, t a = 25 c c/i image - -17 - db adjacent interference to in-band image frequency @ -67 dbm, t a = 25 c c/i image 1 --33-db lna input impedance s11 see tables 20 and 21 db table 7. transmitter ac electrical specifications (continued) (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, modulation = gfsk, bt = 0.5, bit rate = 1.0 mbps, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to figure 4, t a = -40 to 85c, unless otherwise noted. measurements made at pa out . see figure 3 test circuit.) characteristics symbol min typ max bluetooth specs unit
10 mc13180 technical data motorola electrical characteristics table 9. mc71000/mc13180 receive characteristics (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, t a = 25c, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to specified defaults, unless otherwise noted, interfering access code at the minimum hamming distance of 14 according to bluetooth specifications. see figure 3 test circuit.) characteristic symbol min typ max unit false detection rate in presence of noise in presence of interfering access code @ actual sensitivity @ actual sensitivity + 10 db - - - 0 0 0 - - - % missed detection rate @ actual sensitivity @ actual sensitivity + 10 db @ actual sensitivity - 16 db - - - 0 0 100 - - - % table 10. reference oscillator receive characteristics (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, t a = 25c, reference crystal = 13 mhz (ndk w-168-179), register bit settings according to specified defaults, unless otherwise noted. see figure 3 test circuit.) characteristic symbol min typ max unit crystal frequency range (seetable 19 for supported frequencies) f refxtal 12 - 15 mhz external drive frequency range (see table 19 for supported frequencies) f refexternal 12 - 26 mhz oscillator drive level external reference crystal reference 0.2 - - 0.8 1.0 - v pp oscillator drive duty cycle 40 - 60 % crystal load capacitance (resonant parallel) - 13 - pf maximum crystal equivalent series resistance (esr) - - 100 ? typical crystal adjustment range - see figure 21 recommended crystal tolerance over temperature (-40 to 85 c) -10-ppm electronic parallel trim capacitance range c pt - 0 to 9.3 - pf electronic parallel trim capacitance resolution - 0.3 - pf oscillator bias current (r11/0) = 0, (r11/4) = 0 or 1 (r11/0) = 1, (r11/4) = 0 (r11/0) = 1, (r11/4) = 1 - - - 0 50 200 - - - a input impedance at base (reference frequency = 12 to 26 mhz, r11/0 = 1, r11/4 = 0, r6/14-10 = 00000) parallel capacitance parallel resistance c p r p - - 8.4 -3.65 - - pf k ?
electrical characteristics motorola mc13180 technical data 11 input impedance at base (reference frequency = 12 to 26 mhz, r11/0 = 1, r11/4 = 1, r6/14-10 = 00000) parallel capacitance parallel resistance c p r p - - 2.8 -4.35 - - pf k ? input impedance at base (reference frequency = 12 to 26 mhz, r11/0 = 0, r11/4 = 0 or 1, r6/14-10 = 00000) parallel capacitance parallel resistance c p r p - - 2.0 22 - - pf k ? input bias voltage (base) - 1.2 - v start-up time (using crystal) t wait -7.5-ms table 11. data clock electrical specifications (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, t a = 25c, reference crystal = 13 mhz, register bit settings according to specified defaults, unless otherwise noted. see figure 3 test circuit.) characteristic symbol min typ max unit internal reference frequency f ref internal - 20 4000 khz data clock output frequency f o -24-mhz r counter (r6/9-0) (base 10) r 3 650 1023 n counter (r7/10-0) (base 10) n 3 1200 2047 loop filter bandwidth - 1.0 200 khz phase detector gain constant k pd -15.9- a/rad vco gain constant k vco -15-mhz/v start-up time external reference crystal reference - - 1.0 7.5 - - ms table 10. reference oscillator receive characteristics (continued) (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, t a = 25c, reference crystal = 13 mhz (ndk w-168-179), register bit settings according to specified defaults, unless otherwise noted. see figure 3 test circuit.) characteristic symbol min typ max unit
12 mc13180 technical data motorola electrical characteristics table 12. spi ac electrical specifications (v cc rf = 2.7 vdc, v ddint = 1.8 vdc, t a = 25c, unless otherwise noted. see figure 13 timing diagram.) characteristic symbol min typ max unit ce to sck setup time hold time t suce t hce - - 20 20 - - ns sdata to sck setup time hold time t sud t hd - - 20 20 - - ns sck to sdata propagation delay t prop -20-ns sck operating frequency (50% duty cycle) f max --20mhz spi setup time to rtxen (see figure 12) t suspi -20-ns
electrical characteristics motorola mc13180 technical data 13 figure 3. test circuit c 2 2 1 0 0 n c 1 1 1 . 5 p ( 0 . 1 p f ) c 2 9 1 0 0 n l n a i n s m a j o h n s o n 1 4 2 - 0 7 0 1 - 8 8 1 c 2 3 3 n t l 3 l 1 3 . 9 n t l 6 c 1 0 2 2 p c 1 8 6 . 8 p c 4 3 . 3 p t l 1 r 4 2 7 k c 2 4 6 . 8 p c 2 6 1 0 0 n u 7 g n d l n a 1 r f i n 2 g n d l n a 3 e p a e n 4 v c c p a 5 p a + 6 g n d p a 7 p a - 8 g p o 9 e p a d a c 1 0 t i n + 1 1 t i n - 1 2 t o u t + 1 3 g n d l i m 1 5 v c c l i m 1 6 g n d d e m 1 7 v c c d e m 1 8 g n d x 1 9 t o u t - 1 4 b a s e 2 0 e m m 2 1 c o l l 2 2 d c v c o 2 3 d c c p 2 4 v c c d c 2 5 r t x e n 2 6 r f d a t a 2 7 f s 2 8 c l k 2 9 s c k 3 0 s d a t a 3 1 3 2 3 3 v d d i n t 3 4 v d d 3 5 v s s 3 6 v c c c p 3 7 g n d c p 3 8 m l p f 3 9 v c c p r e 4 0 g n d p r e 4 1 v c c v c o 4 2 g n d v c o 4 3 g n d m o d 4 4 v c c m o d 4 5 v c c m i x 4 6 g n d m i x 4 7 v c c l n a 4 8 t l 2 c 3 1 1 0 0 n r 5 6 2 0 c 8 1 2 p c 1 3 3 3 p c 7 2 7 0 p c 5 2 2 p j d / m s l e c l k d a t a _ i o d a t a c l o c k f s t l 5 c 2 3 2 . 2 n r 6 6 2 0 c 2 8 1 0 0 n y 1 1 3 m h z n d k w - 1 6 8 - 1 7 9 t l 4 c 1 2 5 6 0 p c 3 7 1 . 0 n r e s n c e n s p i d s p i c k c l k r t x e n f s r f d a t a i o v c c d e m o v c c c p v c c m o d v c c m i x v c c l n a v c c m o d v d d v c c p a v c c r f v c c v c o v c c x t a l v c c d c v d d v d d i n t v c c p r e v c c l i m v c c r f v c c l n a v c c c p v c c d c v c c d e m o v c c p a v c c m i x v c c v c o v c c p r e v c c l i m v c c x t a l r e c o v e r e d d a t a r e c o v e r e d c l o c k r e s c e m c 1 3 1 8 0 p r i n t e d t r a n s m i s s i o n l i n e s t l 1 = 7 7 w , 9 . 9 @ 2 . 4 5 g h z t l 2 = 7 7 ? , 9 . 9 @ 2 . 4 5 g h z t l 3 = 7 7 ? , 1 0 . 5 @ 2 . 4 5 g h z t l 4 = 7 7 ? , 1 0 . 5 @ 2 . 4 5 g h z t l 5 = 5 0 ? t l 6 = 5 0 ? t l 7 = 5 0 ? t l 8 = 5 0 ? d e f a u l t u n i t s : f a r a d s , h e n r i e s a n d o h m s p a o u t s m a j o h n s o n 1 4 2 - 0 7 0 1 - 8 8 1
14 mc13180 technical data motorola electrical characteristics figure 4. register map m c 1 3 1 8 0 : b y t e 1 b y t e 0 r e g i s t e r a d d r e s s r e g i s t e r n u m b e r m s b b i t 1 5 b i t 1 4 b i t 1 3 b i t 1 2 b i t 1 1 b i t 1 0 b i t 9 b i t 8 b i t 7 b i t 6 b i t 5 b i t 4 b i t 3 b i t 2 b i t 1 l s b b i t 0 $ 0 1 1 m s b 1 6 b i t f r a c - n n u m e r a t o r d i v i d e v a l u e - n u m l s b r x t e s t 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 t x t e s t 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 $ 0 2 2 s l e e p e n a b l e t x e n a b l e r x e n a b l e n a r r o w b a n d w i d t h e n a b l e h i g h / l o w i n j e c t i o n e n a b l e g e n e r a l p u r p o s e o u t p u t m s b f r a c - n i n t e g e r d i v i d e v a l u e l s b r x t e s t 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 t x t e s t 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 $ 0 3 3 e x t e r n a l p a e n a b l e i n v e r t g e n e r a l p u r p o s e o u t p u t i n v e r t m s b p a d a c s e t t i n g l s b 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 0 4 4 r s s i r e a d e n a b l e 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 $ 0 5 5 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 $ 0 6 6 e x t e r n a l p a e n a b l e = g p o m s b x t a l t r i m l s b m s b d c p l l r c o u n t e r l s b 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 $ 0 7 7 m s b d c p l l n c o u n t e r l s b 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 $ 0 8 8 m s b t r a n s m i t s y n c h r o n i z a t i o n t i m e d e l a y v a l u e l s b m s b b - d u a l p o r t d i g i t a l m u l t i p l i e r v a l u e f o r t x p l l l s b 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 $ 0 9 9 r s s i e n a b l e 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 $ 0 a 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 $ 0 b 1 1 e x t e r n a l p a d a c e n a b l e e x t e r n a l p a e n a b l e x t a l b o o s t e n a b l e x t a l e n a b l e 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 $ 0 c 1 2 m s b r o m _ r 2 _ c 2 l s b m s b r o m _ r 1 _ c 1 l s b 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 $ 0 d 1 3 m s b r o m _ r 2 _ c 4 l s b m s b r o m _ r 2 _ c 3 l s b 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 $ 0 e 1 4 m s b r o m _ r 3 _ c 2 l s b m s b r o m _ r 3 _ c 1 l s b 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 $ 0 f 1 5 m s b r o m _ r 3 _ c 4 l s b m s b r o m _ r 3 _ c 3 l s b 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 $ 1 0 1 6 m s b r o m _ r 4 _ c 3 l s b m s b r o m _ r 4 _ c 2 l s b 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 $ 1 1 1 7 m s b r o m _ r 4 _ c 4 l s b 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 $ 1 2 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m - d u a l p o r t d i g i t a l m u l t i p l i e r v a l u e f o r t x p l l $ 0 0 p r o g r a m m a b l e r e s e t p a b i a s a d j u s t d u a l p o r t p r o g r a m m a b l e d e l a y f o r t x p l l p r e s c a l e r b o o s t e n a b l e
electrical characteristics motorola mc13180 technical data 15 figure 4 register map (continued) $ 1 3 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 1 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 1 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 1 6 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 1 7 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 1 8 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 $ 1 9 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 $ 1 a 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 $ 1 b 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 $ 1 c 2 8 r e a d o n l y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 1 d 2 9 r e a d o n l y m s b r s s i c o n v e r s i o n l s b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 1 e 3 0 r e a d o n l y b i t 3 : 0 o f p a r t n u m b e r l s b m a n u f . i d ( c o n t i n u a t i o n c o d e ) m s b m a n u f . i d ( n o n - c o n t i n u a t i o n c o d e ) l s b 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 $ 1 f 3 1 r e a d o n l y m s b v e r s i o n n u m b e r l s b m s b b i t 1 5 : 4 o f p a r t n u m b e r 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
16 mc13180 technical data motorola pin connections 2 pin connections table 13. pin function description pin symbol/ type equivalent internal circuit description 1 gndlna gndlna, negative supply gndlna is the ground for the lna. 2 rfin rfin rfin is the rf input to the lna. the lna is a bipolar cascode design. the input is the base of the common emitter transistor. minimum external matching is required to optimize the input return loss and gain. the cascode output drives the primary of an on- chip balun single-ended. 3 gndlna gndlna, negative supply gndlna is the ground for the lna. 48 vcclna vcclna, positive supply vcclna is taken to the incoming positive battery or regulated dc voltage through a low impedance trace on the pcb. it is decoupled to gndlna at the pin of the ic. 4 epaen epaen external pa enable is a digital output which can be used to enable an external pa. it can be controlled via spi or placed under sequence manager control. this output can also be used to control an external t/r switch requiring complementary drive. note: v cc = v cc rf rf in lna output to balun v cc 6.8 pf bias 1.7 ma t/r 1 2 3 48 4 v cc v cc sequence manager control or spi control
pin connections motorola mc13180 technical data 17 5 vccpa see figure 5. vccpa, positive supply vccpa pin is taken to the incoming positive battery or regulated dc voltage through a low impedance trace on the pcb. it is decoupled to gndpa at the pin of the ic. 7 gndpa gndpa , negative supply gndpa pin is taken to an ample dc ground plane through a low impedance path. the path should be kept as short as possible. a multi-sided pcb is implemented so that ground returns can be easily made through via holes. 6 pa+ pa + positive differential pa output. an external differential-to- single-ended matching network is desired. 8 pa - pa - negative differential pa output. an external differential-to- single-ended matching network is desired. 9 gpo gpo the general purpose output is a digital output. gpo can be controlled by the spi. this signal can also be used to control an external t/r switch. 10 epadac epadac external pa driver. analog output ranges from 0.02 to v cc rf - 0.02. the epadac is linearly scaled to a maximum v cc of 3.1 v. table 13. pin function description (continued) pin symbol/ type equivalent internal circuit description note: v cc = v cc rf 9 spi control v cc v cc 10 v cc dac
18 mc13180 technical data motorola pin connections 11 tin + tin + this pin is for factory use only. it can be grounded or left open. 12 tin - tin - this pin is for factory use only. it can be grounded or left open. 13 tout + tout + this pin is for factory use only. it must be left open. 14 tout - tout - this pin is for factory use only. it must be left open. 15 gndlim gndlim, negative supply gndlim is the ground for limiter. 16 vcclim vcclim, positive supply vcclim is decoupled to gndlim at the pin of the ic. 17 gnddem gnddem, negative supply gnddem is the ground for demodulator. 18 vccdem vccdem, positive supply vccdem is decoupled to gnddem at the pin of the ic. table 13. pin function description (continued) pin symbol/ type equivalent internal circuit description note: v cc = v cc rf rx/tx chain inject/monitor decoder spi 11 12 13 14 v cc v cc v cc v cc 100 nf 15 16 v cc 100 nf 17 18 v cc
pin connections motorola mc13180 technical data 19 19 gndx gndx reference oscillator ground. 20 base base reference oscillator base. the base is the reference oscillator input. an on-chip capacitor trim network is also included to allow the user to use relatively inexpensive crystals. 21 emm emm reference oscillator emitter. a bias current of 50 or 200 a is supplied internally to the emitter. 22 coll coll reference oscillator collector. the collector is tied to vcc. the pin of the ic is bypassed to gnd. 23 dcvco dcvco data clock loop filter vco control voltage. this pin can be used to raise/lower the loop corner frequency in conjunction with the dccp pin and external components. 24 dccp dccp data clock loop filter charge pump. 25 vccdc vccdc data clock vcc. the pin of the ic is bypassed to gnd. 26 rtxen rtxen when rtxen is asserted (high), it controls the start of the rx or tx cycle. digital input. the logic level is internally shifted to the v dd supply. table 13. pin function description (continued) pin symbol/ type equivalent internal circuit description note: v cc = v cc rf 19 20 21 22 50 k ? trim bias current 12 pf 22 pf 13 mhz vcc 10 a 1.6 v 100 nf c pt shown for 13 mhz reference oscillator. 23 24 25 charge pump dc vco control voltage vcc 9.0 k ? 100 nf 33 nf v cc v cc v cc 26 vddint vddint
20 mc13180 technical data motorola pin connections 27 rfdata rfdata this digital i/o is used for transmit data (input) and received data (output). when in transmit mode, the logic level is internally shifted to the v dd supply. 28 fs fs frame-sync digital output (used for rx only). in receive mode, this signal brackets a 6-bit sample frame. 29 clk clk clock associated with rf data path. the clock frequency must always be programmed to 24 mhz. digital output. 30 sck sck spi clock. digital input, internally shifted to the v dd supply. table 13. pin function description (continued) pin symbol/ type equivalent internal circuit description note: v cc = v cc rf 27 vddint vddint vddint 28 vddint vddint 29 vddint vddint 30 vddint vddint
pin connections motorola mc13180 technical data 21 31 sdata sdata spi data. digital input or output. as an input, the logic level is internally shifted to v dd . 32 ce ce chip enable is active low enable to facilitate spi transfers. digital input. the logic level is internally shifted to the v dd supply. 33 res res asynchronous digital reset (active low). resets mc13180 register settings to a default value. digital input. the logic level is internally shifted to the v dd supply. 34 vddint vddint digital interface supply voltage. 1.65 v vddint 3.1 v. vddint must, at all times, be v cc . 35 vdd vdd digital core supply. the pin of the ic is bypassed to gnd. logic levels are internally shifted from vddint to/from vdd. 36 vss vss digital ground. table 13. pin function description (continued) pin symbol/ type equivalent internal circuit description note: v cc = v cc rf 31 vddint vddint vddint 32 vddint vddint 33 vddint vddint 34 i.0 mf v cc 36 35 1 f
22 mc13180 technical data motorola pin connections 38 gndcp gndcp main frac-n charge pump ground. 37 vcccp vcccp main frac-n charge pump v cc . it is decoupled to gndcp at the pin of the ic. 39 mlpf mlpf main frac-n loop filter (charge pump). the filter is referenced to v cc . 41 gndpre gndpre prescaler ground. 40 vccpre vccpre prescaler v cc . the pin of the ic is bypassed to gndpre. 42 vccvco vccvco vccvco is decoupled to gndvco at the pin of the ic. extreme caution should be used when decoupling/routing to this pin. 43 gndvco gndvco vco ground. 44 gndmod gndmod modulation dac ground. 45 vccmod vccmod modulation dac v cc . the pin of the ic is bypassed to gndmod. 47 gndmix gndmix mixer ground. 46 vccmix vccmix mixer v cc . the pin of the ic is bypassed to gndmix. table 13. pin function description (continued) pin symbol/ type equivalent internal circuit description note: v cc = v cc rf 38 37 39 100 nf 270 pf* v cc 27 k ? * 30 k ? 50 k ? 10 pf 3.5 pf to vco * values shown for 13 mhz reference v cc 100 nf 41 40 v cc 42 43 100 nf v cc 6.8 pf 100 nf 44 45 v cc 100 nf 47 46 v cc
pin connections motorola mc13180 technical data 23 figure 5. equivalent internal circuit for pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 5 7 6 8 v cc v cc pain+ pain- (adjustable current source) vref tl1 tl2 620 ? 620 ? 1.5 pf (0.1 pf) tl5 100 nf 33 pf 560 pf 3.3 pf tl3 tl4
24 mc13180 technical data motorola typical dc performance characteristics 3 typical dc performance characteristics figure 6. logic interface current versus logic interface voltage (idle mode) figure 7. continuous transmit current versus power supply figure 8. continuous transmit current versus temperature figure 9. continuous receive current versus power supply figure 10. continuous receive current versus temperature i d d i n t , l o g i c i n t e r f a c e c u r r e n t ( a ) 900 v ddint , logic interface voltage (v) t a = 25c 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 i c c r f t x c , c o n t i n u o u s t r a n s m i t c u r r e n t ( m a ) 28.5 v cc rf, power supply (v) 28 27.5 27 26.5 26 25.5 25 t a = 25c 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 i c c r f t x c , c o n t i n u o u s t r a n s m i t c u r r e n t ( m a ) 29 27 26 25 24 -40 temperature (c) -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 v cc rf = 2.7 v 28 i c c r f r x c , c o n t i n u o u s r e c e i v e c u r r e n t ( m a ) 39 38.5 38 37.5 37 36.5 36 35.5 35 34.5 t a = 25c 2.4 v cc rf, power supply (v) 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 i c c r f r x c , c o n t i n u o u s r e c e i v e c u r r e n t ( m a ) 39 37 36 35 34 -40 temperature (c) -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 v cc rf = 2.7 v 38
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 25 4 functional description note: in the following description, control bits contained in the mc13180 register map for various functions will be identified by register number and bit number(s). for example, bit r4/8 references bit 8 of register 4 while r5/9 - 3 identifies bits 9 through 3, inclusive, of register 5 (decimal notation). unless otherwise noted, a default register map configuration as listed in figure 4 is assumed. 4.1 overview the mc13180 is a complete rf transceiver for bluetooth applications. the device, when coupled with an mc71000 controller or any controller containing an integrated joint detection/minimum length sequence estimator (jd/mlse) digital decoder, exhibits superior rf performance with small size and low cost. only minimal external components are required to complete the rf link of a bluetooth system. 4.2 mc13180 states figure 11 illustrates the various states which the mc13180 can assume. a description of each state follows. 4.3 off state in the off state, no power is being applied to the v cc rf or v ddint of the device. during this state, all digital inputs should be held at ground to avoid forward biasing internal esd diodes. 4.4 power up state during this state, power is applied to the device in an orderly fashion. all digital inputs should continue to be held at ground. since v ddint of the device must always be less than or equal to the v cc rf supplied to the device, it is generally desired to first allow the v cc rf to rise and stabilize, then follow with applying the v ddint supply. this prevents internal protection diodes from forward biasing. spi operations are not allowed during this state. 4.5 reset state the reset state can be entered at any time from any state with the exception of the off state. during the reset state, spi operations are forbidden. it is entered by setting res to logic 0. the reset state places the entire contents of the internal register map into a known condition. all digital outputs are active and driven to a logic low. the sdata i/o pin is configured as an input, and the rfdata i/o pin is configured as an output. the crystal oscillator is inactive and therefore the clk output remains at a static low level. 4.6 config state once the res pin is de-asserted, the crystal oscillator and data clock pll of the device become active. the clk output will attempt to synthesize a clock frequency based upon the crystal oscillator frequency and values loaded into the data clock n and r registers. these values assume an initial reference frequency of 13 mhz and the data clock values are initialized from reset to synthesize 24 mhz from this reference.
26 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description during the config state, any address location can be read or written. the sleep enable, tx enable, and rx enable bits of the register map must remain at a logic zero, otherwise the register map is typically loaded with user defined default values. 4.7 wait xtal state during this state, the crystal oscillator and data clock pll are stabilizing. if an external reference oscillator is being used, the data clock pll must still be allowed to settle. stability will be achieved after t wait , at which time the idle state is entered. 4.8 idle state in the idle state, the clk output supplies a synthesized 24 mhz output. any spi operation is allowed during this state. rssi information is typically read during the idle state. 4.9 tx config state during this state, the contents of the register map are set for any desired transmit information, including the transmit channel setting. the tx enable (r2/14) bit of the register map is also asserted which places the rfdata pin into the input state at the completion of the spi write cycle. 4.10 tx warm up the mc13180 begins a series of internal warm up sequences once the rtxen pin is asserted. spi operations are forbidden during this state. 4.11 tx mode data presented to the rfdata pin is transmitted to the pa output of the device. spi operations are forbidden during this state. the tx mode is ended by de-asserting the rtxen pin or by going into the reset state. spi operations are not permitted until t txdis s after the rtxen pin is de-asserted. 4.12 rx config state during this state, the contents of the register map are set for any desired receive information, including the receive channel setting. the rx enable (r2/13) bit of the register map is also asserted which places the rfdata pin into the output state at the completion of the spi write cycle. 4.13 rx warm up the mc13180 begins a series of internal warm up sequences once the rtxen pin is asserted. spi operations are forbidden during this state. 4.14 rx mode digitized and oversampled data from the desired receive channel is presented to the rfdata pin and framed by the fs signal. data is aligned to the rising edge of the clk output. spi operations are forbidden during this state. the rx mode is ended by de-asserting the rtxen pin or by going into the reset state. spi operations are not permitted until t rxdis s after the rtxen pin is de-asserted.
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 27 4.15 sleep state the sleep state is entered by asserting the sleep enable (r2/15) bit of the address map. during this mode, the clk pin is driven to a static logic low level, and the crystal oscillator is disabled. all digital outputs are driven to a logic low level. spi operations are permitted during this state. the idle state is entered by de-asserting the sleep enable bit of the address map. figure 11. state diagram off v ccrf = 0 v v ddint = 0 v power up 2.5 v v ccrf 3.1 v 1.65 v v ddint v ccrf reset configure spi load wait xtal sleep idle tx configure tx warm up tx mode rx configure rx warm up rx mode res = 0 * can be entered from any state sleep en (r2/15) = 0 sleep en (r2/15) = 1 tx enable (r2/14) = 1 tx enable (r2/14) = 0 rx enable (r2/13) = 1 rx enable (r2/13) = 0 rtxen = 1 rtxen = 0 rtxen = 1 rtxen = 0 res = 1
28 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description 4.16 receive data path the mc13180 is placed into the receive mode from the idle mode by asserting the rtxen pin after setting the receive enable bit (r2/13), clearing the transmit enable bit (r2/14), and clearing the narrow bandwidth enable bit (r2/12) (see figure 12). the rfdata pin of the device is configured as an output as soon as these bit conditions are loaded into the register map. the baseband interface signals used in the receive mode are shown in table 14. the interface signal levels are internally translated to/from v ddint to v dd . to initiate a receive cycle, the user will set the local oscillator frequency of the device in conjunction with the high/low injection enable bit. optionally, other address map values may be written or read. during this spi cycle, the device's rtxen must be de-asserted. after time t suspi , the rtxen pin can be asserted. this initiates a sequence internal to the mc13180 which places it into the receive mode. serialized, a/d data will appear at the rfdata pin, framed by the fs pin, after t propfs . the data represents a 6 - bit, 2s - complement digital value and is sampled four times for every data bit. once the receive cycle is complete, the rtxen pin is de-asserted and the mc13180 begins an internal power down sequence. 4.17 transmit data path the mc13180 is placed into the transmit mode from the idle mode by setting the transmit enable bit (r2/14), setting the narrow bandwidth enable bit (r2/12), and clearing the receive enable bit (r2/13) of the address map, then asserting the rtxen pin of the device (see figure 12). the rfdata pin of the device is configured as an input as soon as these bit conditions are loaded into the register map. the baseband interface signals used in the transmit mode are shown in table 14. the interface signal levels are internally translated to/from v ddint to v dd . to initiate a transmit cycle, the user will normally set the desired channel frequency and mode bits mentioned above. optionally, other address map values may be written or read. during this spi cycle, the device's rtxen must be de-asserted, ensuring that the device remains in idle mode. after time t suspi , the rtxen pin can be asserted. this initiates a sequence internal to the mc13180 which places it into the transmit mode. data to be transmitted must be set and stable no later than t stb after the assertion of rtxen. the rf data will be present at the pa output after rtxen time, t x lat. subsequent serial data can then continue to be presented to the mc13180 via the rfdata pin, and the clk of the device (divided by 24) can be used as the system clock to synchronize the data transfer. once the data stream has been transmitted and the time t hold is met, the rtxen pin is de-asserted and the mc13180 begins an internal power down sequence. since rf power is still present at the pa output, no spi operations or additional cycles can be performed for at least t txdis s. at this time, rf power is at a substantially low enough level as to not produce undesired emissions. 4.18 transmit synchronization delay a programmable delay exists between the rising edge of rtxen and the first available bit of data. this delay range is txsync and is set via spi bits of transmit synchronization time delay value (r8/15 - 8) where the value represents the delay in microseconds. packet data is seen at the antenna approximately 2.5 s after this delay. refer to figure 12 for the corresponding timing diagram. all bluetooth packets require a minimum of four preamble bits of pattern 0101 or 1010. for minimum power consumption, set the delay to txsync minimum. if additional settling time or preamble bits are required, manipulate the delay as necessary, up to txsync maximum.
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 29 4.19 main loop bandwidth during a transmit cycle, narrow bandwidth enable (r2/12) must be set to a logic one. during a receive cycle this bit must be set to a logic zero. changing the loop bandwidth of the main loop filter in this manner maximizes radio performance. note that this bit is externally gated by the sequence manager. table 14. data direction and signal description for the mc13180 baseband interface pin name rx direction rx mode description rfdata mc13180 baseband rx data fs mc13180 baseband start of each 6-bit sample rtxen mc13180 baseband receive mode enable clk mc13180 baseband data sample clock pin name tx direction tx mode description rfdata mc13180 baseband tx data fs mc13180 baseband signal is unused and remains low rtxen mc13180 baseband transmit mode enable clk mc13180 baseband data sample clock
30 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description figure 12. tx and rx cycle timing s p i r t x e n 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 4 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 4 c l k r f d a t a p a o u t s p i r t x e n 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 c l k r f d a t a l n a i n v a l i d r f d 0 d 1 d 4 d 3 d 5 d 4 d 3 d 2 d 1 d 0 d 4 v a l i d r f d 2 d 1 d 0 d 5 d 5 t x c y c l e r x c y c l e v d d i n t g n d v d d i n t g n d v d d i n t g n d v d d i n t g n d v d d i n t g n d v d d i n t g n d v d d i n t g n d v d d i n t g n d v d d i n t g n d f s 1 2 1 2 t h o l d d n t r x d i s t t x d i s t x l a t t b i t t s u s p i t p r o p f s t s u s p i t s t b r x l a t
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 31 4.20 serial peripheral interface (spi) basic functionality of the mc13180 is controlled by configuring the internal address map of the device (see figure 4). the address map is completely read/writable and is organized as 32 addresses of 2 - bytes (16 - bits) each. the serial interface to this map is controlled by the ce , sdata, and sck pins. in addition, the entire address map can be placed into a known state by either asserting the res pin or by writing to address zero of the device. logic interface levels are controlled by the vddint pin. the interface signal levels are internally translated to/from vddint to vdd. the nonstandard spi uses a bidirectional sdata pin to transfer information to/from the mc13180. data is clocked into and out of the device on the rising edge of sck (sck is of rz format). the ce pin enables the device spi and transfers the contents of the spi shift register to the decoded address when de-asserted. the mc13180 device address is defined to be 01 (binary). this scheme allows for up to three additional spi devices to be cascaded together without requiring an additional chip enable line. figure 13 shows a spi write operation. spi transfers begin with the assertion of the ce pin when res is de-asserted. the first bit clocked into the spi is the r/w bit which equals a logic zero to indicate a spi write operation. the next two bits are the mc13180 device address (i.e., 01). the remaining five bits of the address field represent the target address to which information will be transferred. the data field precedes the address field. data is clocked into the spi from msb to lsb. once the lsb has been entered, the ce pin is de-asserted and the data field contents are transferred to the mc13180's target address. a spi write to address zero resets all register map values to their initial (reset) condition. figure 13 also shows a spi read operation. the first bit clocked into the spi is now a logic one, indicating a read operation is desired. again, the next two bits clocked into the spi are 01, the mc13180 device address. the next five bits of the address field will be the target address to be read. on the falling edge of the sck, the sdata line becomes high impedance. this condition remains until the next rising edge of sck, where data is driven onto the sdata pin. data should be sampled for reading on the falling edge of sck. once all data has been shifted out of the spi, the ce pin is de-asserted and the sdata line becomes an input to the mc13180. again, reading from address zero will reset the entire register map values to their initial condition. important note: all spi signals (ce , sck, and sdata) should remain completely static during an active receive or transmit cycle to prevent digital feed through to the rf portions of the chip. failure to follow this condition can cause severe performance degradation. figure 13. spi read write cycle timing 1/f max r / w res ce res ce sdata 0 sck sdata d1 sck spi write operation spi read operation d14 a1 a0 d15 d14 d0 a1 a0 d15 a5 a4 a3 a2 1 1 0 d1 d0 a5 a4 a3 a2 v ddint 0 v v ddint v ddint v ddint 0 v 0 v 0 v v ddint 0 v v ddint v ddint v ddint 0 v 0 v 0 v hi - z t suce t sud t hd t hce t prop r / w hi - z
32 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description 4.21 crystal oscillator the crystal oscillator provides the reference for the data clock pll and main pll. it can be configured as a colpitts type (negative resistance) oscillator and utilize an external parallel resonant crystal or may be driven from an external source. the oscillator circuit has an on-chip capacitor trim network that provides the capability to compensate for crystal and/or load capacitor tolerances. this allows the use of relatively inexpensive crystals with as much as 50 ppm tolerance. the oscillator also provides three bias current modes. xtal enable (r11/0) enables/disables the bias current and xtal boost enable (r11/4) enables/ disables a high current mode. refer to the reference oscillator electrical characteristics for the available current modes. table 15 gives examples of parallel trim capacitances that can be programmed to register map location xtal trim (r6/14-10). typical stray capacitance is on the order of 2.0 pf. to drive the oscillator with an external source, program the xtal enable (r11/0) to zero and ac-couple the external signal into the oscillator base with a 15 to 100 pf capacitor. it is also recommended to set xtal trim (r6/14-10) to zero to reduce the load on the external source. characteristic data is shown in figures 14 through 21. additional application information is given in section 5.8, crystal oscillator on page 50. table 15. examples of programmable xtal trim capacitances xtal trim (r6/14 - 10) setting (msb to left) electronic parallel crystal trim capacitance (c pt ) 00000 0 pf 00100 1.2 pf 10000 4.8 pf 10101 6.3 pf 11111 9.3 pf figure 14. oscillator open loop gain versus capacitor ratio figure 15. oscillator negative series resistance versus crystal capacitor ratio (crystal boost enable r11/4) = 0 o s c i l l a t o r o p e n l o o p g a i n ( d b ) 16 14 12 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 0 crystal capacitor ratio (c5/c8) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 see figure 45, t a = 25c open loop gain measurements @ -10 dbm crystal load capacitance = 13 pf electronic trim (r6/14-10) = 16 (decimal) o s c i l l a t o r n e g a t i v e r e s i s t a n c e ( ? ) -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 0 capacitor ratio (c5/c8) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 see figure 45, t a = 25c curve measured with 13 mhz crystal reference parallel crystal trim (r6/14-10) = 16 (decimal)
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 33 figure 16. oscillator negative parallel resistance versus electronic parallel crystal trim (c pt ) figure 17. oscillator negative parallel resistance versus temperature figure 18. oscillator parallel capacitance versus electronic parallel crystal trim (c pt ) figure 19. oscillator parallel capacitance versus temperature figure 20. crystal start-up time versus capacitor ratio figure 21. crystal frequency pulling versus electronic parallel trim value n e g a t i v e p a r a l l e l r e s i s t a n c e ( k ? ) -2.5 -3.0 -3.5 -4.0 -4.5 -5.0 0 electronic parallel crystal trim (r6/14-10) 5.0101520253035 r11/14 = 1 r11/14 = 0 t a = 25c c5 = 22 pf c8 = 12 pf n e g a t i v e p a r a l l e l r e s i s t a n c e ( k ? ) -2.5 -3.0 -3.5 -4.0 -4.5 -5.0 -40 temperature (c) -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 r11/14 = 1 r11/14 = 0 r6/14-10 = 10000 c5 = 22 pf c8 = 12 pf p a r a l l e l c a p a c i t a n c e ( p f ) 18 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 electronic parallel crystal trim (r6/14-10) 5.0101520253035 r11/14 = 1 r11/14 = 0 t a = 25c c5 = 22 pf c8 = 12 pf 12 14 16 p a r a l l e l c a p a c i t a n c e ( p f ) 15 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 -40 temperature (c) -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 r11/14 = 1 r11/14 = 0 c5 = 22 pf c8 = 12 pf r6/14-10 = 10000 10 11 12 13 14 c r y s t a l s t a r t - u p t i m e ( m s ) 11 10 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 capacitor ratio (c5/c8) see figure 45, t a = 25c 13 mhz crystal reference c r y s t a l f r e q u e n c y p u l l i n g ( h z ) 600 400 200 0 -200 -400 -600 0 electronic parallel trim value (r6/14-10) 4.0 8.0 12 16 20 24 28 32 see figure 45, t a = 25c crystal frequency delta measured relative to initial frequency for r/14-10 = 12 (decimal).
34 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description 4.22 data clock operation the data clock phase lock loop is responsible for providing a constant 24 mhz reference for use throughout the device. the mc13180 uses a simple integer-n synthesizer to derive a 24 mhz clock (clk) from the reference frequency. the counter values must always be set to the appropriate values to generate this 24 mhz clock frequency. the general model for the phase lock loop (pll) is illustrated in figure 22. for the circuit in figure 45, the external low pass filter has a loop filter bandwidth (lbw) of 1.0 khz. this proves to be adequate for any value of external reference frequency that is an integral multiple of 20 khz. more details about pll loop filters can be obtained from motorola application note an1253/d. the r-counter of the synthesizer (r6/9 - 0) is set to a value which will set the internal reference frequency f ref internal to 20 khz; thus r = f ref external / 20 khz. the n-counter of the synthesizer (r7/10 - 0) is set to multiply f ref internal to 24 mhz; thus n = 24 mhz / f ref internal. for the case of a 13 mhz external reference, r = 650 10 and n =1200 10 . for applications utilizing f ref external > 20 mhz, the external low pass filter with a 1.0 khz corner frequency is still usable. however, due to the r counter limitations, the r counter is programmed to generate the f ref internal to 40 khz (recommended). for the case of a 26 mhz external reference, r = 650 10 and n = 600 10 . the n and r counters can only divide by integer values and the greatest common divider must be found to represent f ref internal and achieve clk. table 16 provides the appropriate values for various f ref externals. for applications that require a faster data clock pll response time, refer to the data clock electrical characteristics and motorola application note an1253/d . additional data clock characteristic data is shown in figures 23 and 24. table 16. data clock r and n counter values for various reference frequencies f ref external (mhz) f ref internal (khz) r counter (decimal) n counter (decimal) lbw (khz) 12 20 600 1200 1.0 13 20 650 1200 1.0 14.4 20 720 1200 1.0 15.26 20 763 1200 1.0 16.8 20 840 1200 1.0 19.22 20 961 1200 1.0 19.44 20 972 1200 1.0 19.68 20 984 1200 1.0 19.88 20 994 1200 1.0 26 40 650 600 1.4
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 35 figure 22. general model for the pll where: k pd = phase detector gain constant k f = loop filter transfer function k vco = vco gain constant k n = divide ratio (1/n) f ref internal = input frequency fo = output frequency fo/n = feedback frequency divided by n 4.23 main synthesizer operation the internal local oscillator (lo) of the mc13180 is derived from the external reference frequency by means of a 3 - accumulator, fractional - n synthesizer. the external low pass filter (c7/r4 of figure 3) has a corner frequency of approximately 140 khz. f dev is the nominal transmit rom frequency deviation (typically 157500 hz). i is the integer portion of the fractional synthesizer r is the numerator portion of the fractional synthesizer f ref external is the external reference frequency lo is the desired local oscillator frequency figure 23. data clock start-up time versus f ref internal figure 24. data clock start-up time versus capacitor ratio for crystal reference r f ref external f ref internal phase detector (k pd ) filter (k f ) vco (k vco ) divider (k n ) fo d a t a c l o c k s t a r t - u p t i m e ( m s ) externally driven f ref external = 12 to 26 mhz t a = 25c 1.2 0 f ref internal (mhz) 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 d a t a c l o c k s t a r t - u p t i m e ( m s ) 12 0 capacitor ratio (c5/c8) 1.02.03.04.05.0 11 10 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 see figure 45, t a = 25c f ref external = 13 mhz crystal f ref internal = 20 khz
36 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description then, i = int (lo/f ref external - f dev /f ref external) - 3 r = rem(lo/f ref external - f dev /f ref external) x 2 16 where the int function is the integer portion of the result and rem is the remainder portion of the result. for example: f dev = 157500 hz lo = 2.441 ghz f ref external = 13 mhz then, i = int(2.441 ghz/13 mhz - 157.5 khz/13 mhz) - 3 = 184 10 r = rem(2.441ghz/13 mhz - 157.5 khz/13 mhz) x 2 16 = 49618 10 accuracy to at least 10 decimal places is suggested. 4.24 transmit rom operation the mc13180 uses a lookup table (lut or transmit rom) to shape incoming transmit data bits and produce a gaussian filtered mask with bt=0.5. the value of the current data bit, along with knowledge of the previous two bits, determines a unique trajectory for shaping. only four unique trajectories are required to implement this filter and due to the symmetrical nature of the gaussian response, these trajectories can be reduced to a single quadrant. furthermore, without compromising accuracy, this table can be reduced to only 11 values. the output of the lut is fed to the accumulators of the fractional synthesizer. the seven msbs are eventually fed to the second port of the main vco during transmit operation (see figure 25). for receive operation, the output of the lut is constantly held to the value contained in r1c1. these 11 trajectory constants are listed in table 17 (see also figure 4, register map). the actual value to place in the lut is calculated as: lut rxcx b10 = (f dev /f ref external) x 2 16 x (rxcx constant) this number is then rounded and converted to binary: lut rxc xb2 = int((lut rxcx b10 +2)/4) where the int function is the integer portion of the result. as an example for calculating the lut value for r4c2 and f ref external = 13 mhz: lut r 4 c 2b10 = (157.5khz/13.0mhz) x 2 16 x 0.5229292198 = 415.2 lut r 4 c 2b2 = int((415.2+2)/4) b10 = int(104.3) b10 = 104 b10 or 011010000 b2 or 68 b16 table 19 lists all values of rxcx for supported reference frequencies.
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 37 4.25 m-dual port multiplier and b-dual port multiplier for proper operation of the dual-port synthesizer, it is necessary to maintain a constant deviation injection at the input of port 2 of the vco. as can be seen from the transmit rom operation and figure 25, the output of the lut is fed to a digital multiplier prior to being presented to the input of the modulation dac. since the lut values decrease proportionately with input reference frequency, the multiplier must scale these values to achieve a constant deviation. this scaling is linear. two programmable constants are used to form the equation of a line, the m & b dual-port multipliers. m-dual port digital multiplier value (r17/15 - 8), determines the slope, and b-dual port digital multiplier value (r8/7 - 0), determines the intercept. m-dual port digital multiplier = (f ref external) /13mhz * 108 10 b-dual port digital multiplier = (f ref external) /13mhz * 100 10 table 19 contains slope and intercept point values across all supported input reference frequencies. 4.26 dual-port programmable delay (r7/15-11) just as it is necessary to maintain a constant deviation at port2 of the vco, it is also necessary to maintain a constant phase at the fv and fr inputs of the main charge pump. the total delay from the output of the lut to the fv input of the charge pump is given as: lut fv delay = 10.5 / (f ref external) likewise, the total delay from the lut to the fr input of the charge pump is: lut fr delay = 28 ns + delay where delay is the programmed delay value shown in table 18. therefore, for a given external reference frequency: delay = 10.5 / (f ref external) - 28 ns. consult table 18 for the closest available value. table 19 lists all values of the programmable delay for supported reference frequencies. table 17. lut rxcx default constants (for 13 mhz) r1c1 0.9999739537 r2c2 0.9980246857 r2c3 0.9911665663 r2c4 0.9678427310 r3c1 0.1881990082 r3c2 0.5249014674 r3c3 0.7660791186 r3c4 0.9043672052 r4c2 0.5229292198 r4c3 0.7572459756 r4c4 0.8722099597
38 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description table 18. dual-port programmable delay values r7/15 - 11 (decimal) delay b10 (ns) r7/15 - 11 (decimal) delay b10 (ns) 4 167 13 542 5 208 14 583 6 250 15 625 7 292 16 667 8 333 17 708 9 375 18 750 1041719792 1145820833 1250021875
39 mc13180 technical data motorola table 19. register settings and component values versus reference frequency (all register setting values in hex notation) register fref= 12mhz fref= 13mhz fref= 14.40mhz fref= 15.26mhz fref= 16.80mhz fref= 19.22mhz fref= 19.44mhz fref= 19.68mhz fref= 19.88mhz fref= 26mhz data clk r (r6/9-0) 258 28a 2d0 2fb 348 3c1 3cc 3d8 3e2 28a data clk n (r7/10-0) 4b0 4b0 4b0 4b0 4b0 4b0 4b0 4b0 4b0 258 r1c1 (r12/7-0) d7 c6 b3 a9 9a 86 85 83 82 63 r2c2 (r12/15-8) d7 c6 b3 a9 99 86 84 83 82 63 r2c3 (r13/7-0) d5c5b2a8988584828162 r2c4 (r13/15-8) d0 c0 ad a4 95 82 80 7f 7e 60 r3c1 (r14/7-0) 282522201d1919191812 r3c2 (r14/15-8) 71 68 5e 59 51 46 46 45 44 34 r3c3 (r15/7-0) a598898276676664634c r3c4 (r15/15-8) c2 b4 a2 99 8b 79 78 77 75 5a r4c2 (r16/7-0) 70685e58504645454434 r4c3 (r16/15-8) a3 96 88 80 74 66 65 63 62 4b r4c4 (r17/7-0) bcad9c93867574727156 m-dual port multiplier (r17/15-8) 64 6c 78 7f 8c a0 a2 a3 a5 d8 b-dual port multiplier (r8/7-0) 56 64 6e 75 81 94 96 97 99 c8 dual port programmable delay (r7/15-11) 14131110ecccc9 r4 (k ? ) 27272422201818181813 c7 (pf) 270 270 270 330 330 390 390 390 390 560 c6 (pf) 00 0 0 0 4.74.74.74.710
40 mc13180 technical data motorola figure 25. main pll synthesizer block diagram c l k 2 d e l a y c l k m u l d a t a [ 0 . . 7 ] d e l d a t a [ 1 . . 7 ] c 6 t x r o m t x d a t a [ 0 . . 7 ] c l k v c c n [ 0 . . 7 ] f r e f r 4 m u l t i p l i e r c l k t x d a t a [ 0 . . 7 ] m u l d a t a [ 0 . . 7 ] m o d d a c d [ 0 . . 6 ] v o u t c o m p e n s a t i o n [ 0 . . 5 ] e n m e t a s t a b i l i t y c l k 1 t x d a t a [ 0 . . 7 ] r o m d a t a [ 0 . . 7 ] l p f v i n v o u t r [ 0 . . 1 5 ] v c o t r i m [ 0 . . 5 ] c 7 t r a n s m i t f r a c - n n [ 0 . . 7 ] r [ 0 . . 1 5 ] s u m r d a t a [ 2 . . 9 ] f o u t l o i n c h a r g e p u m p f r f v c p o u t 8 m h z v c o p o r t 1 p o r t 2 f l o t r i m [ 0 . . 5 ] f l o i n t e r n a l l o w p a s s f i l t e r e x t e r n a l l o w p a s s f i l t e r
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 41 4.27 receiver the mc13180 receiver is intended to be used in time division duplex (tdd), frequency hopping spread spectrum (fhss) applications such as bluetooth. the receiver uses a low intermediate frequency (if) of 6.0 mhz, and is capable of receiving up to 1.0 mbit/s gaussian frequency shift keyed (gfsk) serial data through the entire 2.4 ghz industrial, scientific and medical (ism) band. the output of the receiver is a demodulated, serial bit stream of 24 mbit/s data. this data represents a 4x over sample by a 6 - bit a/d of the actual demodulated analog data recovered from the desired channel. a detailed discussion of each of the functional blocks within the receiver follows. 4.28 lna the first portion of the receiver chain is the low noise amplifier (lna). the lna is a bipolar cascode design and provides gain with low noise at rf frequencies. the lna is designed with a single-ended (unbalanced) input and is converted to a differential (balanced) output by means of an on chip, integrated balun. for optimum performance, the lna input impedance must be matched to the complex conjugate of the source impedance (usually 50 ? ). the lna of the mc13180 exhibits two distinctly different impedances depending upon whether the lna is active or disabled. during a receive cycle, the s11 of the lna is shown in table 20. the lna can be matched to 50 ? by a simple capacitor/inductor network as shown in figure 26. figure 26. when the lna is disabled or the device is in the idle or transmit mode, the impedance of the lna becomes the value shown in table 21. the use of an antenna switch to interface the lna with an antenna is the preferred circuit configuration as illustrated in figure 45. in this implementation, a true rf single-pole, double-throw (spdt) switch is used to isolate the pa output from the lna input during receive and transmit modes. a 1/4 wavelength trace is not required. as a result, this implementation has the highest performance (due to the lowest loss) and smallest size at the table 20. s11 for lna during receive frequency mag (db) angle (degree) 2.45 ghz -4.3 -138 table 21. s11 for lna disabled frequency mag (db) angle (degree) 2.45 ghz -8.9 42 l match c match c block lna
42 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description penalty of increased system cost. an external switch must be used for class 1 bluetooth devices as the lna input will become overloaded if not sufficiently isolated from the external pa output. the lna provides a nominal 6.7 db of power gain when properly matched. the lna is enabled approximately 150 s after the assertion of the rtxen pin when programmed for receive mode. it is disabled immediately after the de-assertion of the rtxen pin or during any idle or transmit mode. 4.29 high/low image reject mixer (i/r mixer) the mixer is used to convert the desired rf channel to a 6.0 mhz intermediate frequency (if). the mixer is completely balanced on all ports, and the local oscillator (lo) is derived from the buffered output of the on - chip voltage controlled oscillator (vco). in general, it is desired to keep all image frequencies in - band. therefore, when receiving the 6 lowest channels, the mixer can be programmed for high-side injection and the lo will be programmed to be 6.0 mhz above the desired channel frequency. when receiving the 6 highest channels, the mixer can be programmed for low-side injection and the lo will be programmed to be 6.0 mhz below the desired channel frequency. this is illustrated in figure 27. selection of high or low side injection is accomplished by bit r2/11 of the register map. for all other in - band channels, the choice of high or low side injection is arbitrary, although it is recommended to use high-side injection for frequencies to 2.440 ghz and low - side injection thereafter. figure 27. high-side and low-side mixer injection the mixer delivers approximately 15.8 db of voltage gain and 22 db of image rejection. the mixer is enabled approximately 150 s after the assertion of the rtxen pin when programmed for receive mode. it is disabled immediately after the de - assertion of the rtxen pin or during any idle or transmit mode. 4.30 post mixer amplifier (pma) once the desired rf channel has been down converted to the if frequency, the pma is used to deliver 12 db of additional gain prior to feeding the signal into the bandpass filter. the pma is enabled approximately 10 s after the assertion of the rtxen pin when programmed for receive mode. it is disabled immediately after the de - assertion of the rtxen pin or during any idle or transmit mode. high-side lo injection (r2/11=1) lo image rf low-side lo injection (r2/11 = 0) lo rf image
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 43 4.31 bandpass filter (bpf) the 6.0 mhz bandpass filter is used to block undesired channels. the filter is self-adjusting and is calibrated during each receive cycle, based on an internally generated 6.0 mhz signal. the gain of the filter is fixed at 4.0 db. the nominal pass band for the filter is 720 khz. this deliberately low pass band can cause significant intersymbol interference (isi) issues for a gfsk modulated signal with a 1mbit/s data rate. the advantages are increased sensitivity, adjacent channel interference performance and ease of manufacture. due to this low pass band, a digitally implemented decoder scheme is utilized to eliminate isi. this is referenced as the jd/mlse, and is incorporated into all motorola bluetooth basebands. the bpf is enabled approximately 10 s after the assertion of the rtxen pin while programmed for receive mode and automatic tuning is complete after approximately 140 s. it is disabled immediately after the de - assertion of the rtxen pin or during any idle or transmit mode. 4.32 limiter with received signal strength indicator (rssi) the rssi (received signal strength indicator) is integrated into the limiter. the rssi adc converts the rssi current into a 4 - bit digital signal. when the rssi read enable (r4/6) and rssi enable (r9/8) are both set, the 4 - bit rssi conversion value can be read from the mc13180 register map (r29/3 - 0) while in idle mode. the rssi is updated approximately 40 s after t propfs during a receive cycle (see figure 12). enabling rssi will result in additional current consumption as noted in the receiver ac electrical specifications. figure 28 shows the rssi conversion value versus the rf level input to the lna at various temperatures. figure 29 shows the rssi conversion versus the rf level at different power supplies. 4.33 demodulator the receiver in the mc13180 downconverts the rf signal and demodulates it. the demodulator takes the if signal from the limiter and delivers a baseband signal to an a/d converter (adc). the 6 - bit adc uses the redundant sign digit (rsd) cyclic architecture that samples the analog input at 4.0 msamples/s. the resulting demodulated data out of the mc13180 is a 24 mbit/s, 2s - complement serial bit stream. the start of each 6 - bit data stream is indicated by a frame sync (fs) signal. a 24 mhz clock output accompanies the demodulated data. figure 28. rf level versus rssi at temperature figure 29. rf level versus rssi at v cc rf -40c 0c r f l e v e l @ r f i n ( d b ) t a = 85c 25c 55c -20c -40 1.0 rssi conversion value 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 11 13 15 -45 -50 -55 -60 -65 -70 -75 r f l e v e l @ r f i n ( d b ) 3.1 v 2.5 and 2.7 v t a = 25c -40 1.0 rssi conversion value 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 11 13 15 -45 -50 -55 -60 -65 -70 -75
44 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description 4.34 receiver characteristics for optimum intermodulation and c/i performance, the mc13180 ground flag requires good conduction to the pcb ground layer. refer to figure 51 for additional information. figures 30 through 36 show typical performance of the receiver for various conditions. figure 30. receive sensitivity versus temperature figure 31. blocking performance versus continuous wave interfering signal figure 32. c/i performance for channel 3 (2.405 ghz, high - side injection) figure 33. c/i performance for channel 75 (2.477 ghz, low - side injection) s e n s i t i v i t y ( d b m ) -79 -40 temperature (c) -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -80 -81 -82 -83 -84 -85 -86 -87 -88 -89 c o n t i n u o u s w a v e i n t e r f e r i n g s i g n a l p o w e r l e v e l ( d b m ) t a = 25c power level measured for ber < 0.1% received frequency = 2.460 ghz 80 0 continuous wave interfering signal frequency (ghz) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 application circuit, see figure 45 test circuit, see figure 3 c a r r i e r t o i n t e r f e r e r r a t i o ( d b c ) t a = 25c -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -4.06.016263646566676 interferer frequency delta (mhz) c a r r i e r t o i n t e r f e r e r r a t i o ( d b c ) -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 4.0 interferer frequency delta (mhz) -76 -66 -56 -46 -36 -26 -16 -6.0 t a = 25c
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 45 4.35 transmitter the mc13180 uses a direct launch transmitter, taken from the output of the local oscillator (lo). during a transmit cycle the vco of the lo is automatically trimmed. following the lo are the output power stages, sequenced in the proper order. to minimize splattering, the output of the programmable low power figure 34. c/i performance for channel 39 (2.441 ghz, high - side injection) figure 35. c/i performance for channel 39 (2.441 ghz, high - side injection) figure 36. c/i performance versus temperature c a r r i e r t o i n t e r f e r e r r a t i o ( d b c ) t a = 25c -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 interferer frequency delta (mhz) -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -15 -10 -5.0 05.01015 interferer frequency delta (mhz) c a r r i e r t o i n t e r f e r e r r a t i o ( d b c ) t a = 25c c a r r i e r t o i n t e r f e r e r r a t i o ( d b c ) t a = 85c -20c 10 -3.0 interferer frequency delta (mhz) -1.0 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 11 13 15 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
46 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description amplifier (lpa) drives a balanced ramp up/ramp down generator, which is fed to a balun to provide a single - ended output for the external antenna switch. the transmit start up/warm down sequences are shown in figure 40. 4.36 programmable lpa the output power of the lpa can be varied by programming pa bias adjust (r5/2 - 0) in the register map. table 22 displays the response of rf output power, current consumption and 2 nd harmonic power level with respect to the programmable bit settings. class 1 operations are supported through the use of an external power amplifier not shown here. refer to applications information class 1 operation for more detail. figures 37 and 38 provide additional lpa characteristic data. 4.37 ramp generator the ramp generator has an exponential ramp up/ramp down function with a maximum settling time of 20 s. increasing the output power exponentially is useful to avoid splattering and minimize load pulling. 4.38 external balun the lpa provides a differential output that is converted to a single ended signal through the use of an inexpensive printed circuit board balun. optionally, an external discrete balun may be used. figures 39 and 45 show the physical dimensions and characteristics of this network. table 23 shows the output impedance, s22 of the pa during active and inactive cycles. table 22. rf power out versus pa bias adjust pa bias adjust output power (dbm) current consumption (continuous transmit)(ma ) 2nd harmonic (dbc) r5/2 r5/1 r5/0 0 0 0 -0.9 23 -21 001-10.820-29 0 1 0 1.9 27 -19 0 1 1 -7.6 22 -24 1 0 0 5.3 33 -18 1 0 1 -3.5 27 -18 1 1 0 6.1 40 -20 1 1 1 3.5 35 -14
functional description motorola mc13180 technical data 47 figure 39. balun physical dimensions figure 37. rf output power versus carrier frequency figure 38. rf output power versus temperature table 23. s22 for pa during transmit (r5/2-0 = 010)(measured differential) operation mode frequency (ghz) mag (db) angle (degree) active 2.45 -5.5 -120 inactive 2.45 0.2 -111 p o u t , o u t p u t p o w e r ( d b m ) t a = 25c 3.0 2400 f, frequency (mhz) 2420 2440 2460 2480 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 p o u t , o u t p u t p o w e r ( d b m ) 2.5 -40 temperature (c) -1510 356085 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 44 c11 c4 c13 c12 81 86 gnd gnd 22 34 19.8 via to power plane tl3 tl1 tl2 tl4 32 3.3 pf 560 pf 33 pf 12 8 center of qfn pads pa- pin 8 pa+ pin 6 1.5 pf r5 r6 620 ? 620 ? mc13180 balun substrate r = 3.9 finished metal thickness = 1.7 mils substrate thickness to ground = 10 mils units are in mils see figure 45
48 mc13180 technical data motorola functional description 4.39 external antenna switch an external antenna switch, shown in figure 45, provides isolation between the pa output and the lna input, and subsequently enables transmit and receive cycles. the controls to the switch are gpo and epaen, pins 9 and 4, respectively, of the mc13180 device. when gpo is high, the switch is set to transmit mode. epaen serves as a complementary driver in this configuration. see applications information general purpose output and external power amplifier for further discussion. 4.40 general purpose output (gpo) pin the mc13180 general purpose output (gpo) is located at pin 9 of the device. its output is programmed for general use by setting bit r2/8 in the register map. the gpo can serve as a control line for an external antenna switch. 4.41 external power amplifier enable (epaen) pin the external power amplifier enable (epaen) output of mc13180 is located at pin 4 of the device. epaen may be used in two applications. it may assist in class 1 operation by driving an external power amplifier; or it may serve as a complementary driver to a dual port antenna switch as seen in figure 45. if epaen is not required for the desired application, it may be disabled by setting r11/6 to zero. figure 40. ramp generator (transmit cycle) timing diagram rtxen epadac (r11/7 = 1) gpo (antenna switch) epaen (r11/6 = 1) internal pa enable power ramp transmit sync delay (r8/15-8 = 184 10 ) 106 s 44 s 1.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s 20 s 20 s 184 10 15 s 15 s 1.0 s
applications information motorola mc13180 technical data 49 5 applications information 5.1 using full temperature range for operating the device at temperatures above 70c it is recommended to set the bit prescaler boost enable r5/6 = 1. this will increase the current flowing into pin vccpre by 700 a during receive mode (r2/13=1) and transmit mode (r2/14=1). for operation the device below -20c additional application information is given in section 5.8, crystal oscillator. 5.2 general purpose output (gpo) the gpo must be set to a logic one during a transmit cycle and set to a logic zero during a receive cycle via a spi write operation, when driving an external antenna switch as shown in figure 45. when the gpo is not actively used to drive a peripheral, r2/8 in the address register map is considered a don't care. 5.3 general purpose output invert (gpo invert) the mc13180 general purpose output (gpo) invert bit (r3/6) can be used to invert the output value of gpo located at pin 9 of the device. the default setting for gpo invert is zero (i.e., no inversion). when it is set to one, the gpo output pin assumes the inverted value of gpo in the register map location r2/8. this is a useful feature when an inverter is not available. it can serve as a complement to epaen. 5.4 external power amplifier enable (epaen) the external power amplifier enable bit epaen (r11/16), can be used in two applications. it may serve as a complementary driver to a dual - port antenna. this is accomplished when external pa enable invert, r3/10, is set to a logic one. in this configuration, epaen assumes the inverted value of gpo, which is the second driver for the antenna switch. epaen may also assist in class 1 operation by setting bit r11/6 to a logic high. this setting allows the mc13180 to drive an external power amplifier. setting bits r11/6 and r3/10 to zero disables epaen. 5.5 external power amplifier dac (epadac) the bluetooth specification for class 1 power implementation requires power control from 4.0 dbm (or less) to 20 dbm (max) power. the mc13180 external power amplifier digital to analog converter (epadac) output (pin 10) provides a voltage reference for power control of an external power amplifier (pa), if desired. the epadac output is enabled when external pa dac enable (r11/7) is set to one. setting r11/7 to zero pulls the epadac output to ground. when enabled, the epadac output voltage is controlled by the pa dac setting (r3/5 - 0). the minimum epadac output voltage is 0 vdc and the maximum output voltage is 3.2 vdc. the 6 - bit resolution of the pa dac setting corresponds to approximately 50 mv/bit. when using a v cc rf < 3.2 vdc, the maximum epadac output voltage is reduced to v cc rf (i.e., the full-scale output of the pa dac is referenced to 3.2 v). to obtain optimum functionality of epadac with an external pa, this feature should be utilized with the external pa enable. refer to the applications information section for additional usage information. the output of the epadac, when enabled, is gated by the mc13180 sequence manager. during a sleep, idle, or rx cycle, the output is set to zero volts. the programmed value of the output voltage is only achieved during an active tx cycle as shown in figure 40.
50 mc13180 technical data motorola applications information 5.6 pin implementation of antenna switch an alternative approach to using an rf switch is to utilize a pin diode technique as shown in figure 41. when both pin diodes are in the high resistance (i.e., unbiased) state, the transmitter is isolated from the antenna and lna input. conversely, when both pin diodes are in the low resistance (i.e., forward-biased) state, the /4 section appears as an open circuit from the transmitter output to the lna input, and the transmitter output is coupled directly to the antenna through the bandpass filter. for receive mode, gpo is set low. for transmit mode, gpo is set high. some advantages to this implementation would be very low current consumption while in receive or idle mode, moderate current consumption while in transmit mode, high receiver isolation, and low cost. figure 41. pin implementation of antenna switch 5.7 class 1 operation class 1 operation can be realized by the mc13180 with the use of an external power amplifier (pa) such as the mrfic2408 as shown in figure 43. during a transmit cycle epaen drives the external pa bias enable. figure 40 shows the transmitter warm up sequence for this mode of operation. the external pa is required to be fully powered within 5 s. it is recommended that the antenna switch be set to the tx position before the internal pa is enabled. this option minimizes frequency pulling of the vco, which may appear as splatter. the power level of the external pa can be digitally controlled through the use of a digital - to - analog converter (epadac) internal to the mc13180. to access the dac capability, external pa dac enable (r11/7), must be set to one.this line is generally decoupled with a small capacitor value. approximately 44 s is available to fully charge this capacitor (see figure 40). 5.8 crystal oscillator the crystal oscillator can be used for a wide range of crystals and reference frequencies. depending on the oscillator bias setting and the used crystal it might be necessary to change the external components (c5, c8) of the crystal oscillator. the oscillator design can be optimized using the oscillator equivalent circuit in figure 42, to provide the necessary capacitive load in parallel to the crystal. at the same time the parallel resistance provided by the oscillator circuit should be negative with the lowest possible absolute value. the negative resistance which can be achieved by choosing the optimal capacitor values, depends pa lna balun band pass filter antenna /4 pin 2 pin 9 pin 6 pin 8 gpo
applications information motorola mc13180 technical data 51 on the g m of the internal oscillator transistor. the g m of the oscillator transistor is a function of the bias current and can be controlled by xtal boost enable bit (r11/4). see table 24 for more information. as an additional option, an external resistor (r8) in parallel to capacitor c8 can be used to increase the bias current and the g m of the oscillator transistor. it is recommended to increase the bias current for a faster startup of the oscillator at temperatures below C20c, see table 25. for the same reason it is recommended, to program the xtal trim bits (r6/14-10) to 00000 during the crystal oscillator startup time. increasing the g m changes the oscillator feedback loop and therefore the equivalent negative parallel resistance (figure 16) and parallel capacitance (see figure 18) of the oscillator will change. hence the oscillator has to be optimized for the bias setting of the oscillator transistor and the used crystal. following the rules above, figure 16 and figure 17 show that the external capacitors (c5 and c8) are optimized for xtal boost enable r11/4 = 0. figure 42. oscillator small signal equivalent circuit table 24. oscillator bias setting crystal boost enable (r11/4) 0 1 i bias 50 a 200 a r o 525 ? 150 ? table 25. external oscillator components (for temperatures below -20c, crystal: ndk w-168-179) c5 22 pf c8 18 pf r8 15 k c8 c5 r b 0.6v r o xtal 22k i ex c o 2.0 pf r8 1 r o = 25 + 1/g m i ex = 0.6 / r8 g m = v t / (i ex + i bias ) c trimm 0 .. 9.3 pf
52 mc13180 technical data motorola applications information figure 43. external pa application circuit 5.9 manufacturer code the format of the device identification code is shown in figure 44. the 32 - bit value is defined in the ieee 1149.1 specification. figure 44. manufacturer identification code en vpc v cc1 rf in bias v cc2 switch printed balun mc13180 mrfic2408 rf in (lna) pa+ pa- epaen epadac system supply 3.0 v rf out note: mc13180 is used at 2.7 v, therefore epaen and epadac are 2.7 v lines that feed into the mrfic2408. the mrfic2408 is specified to operate at 3.0 v or above but is functional at 2.7 v with a slight degradation in performance. gpo manufacturer version number manufacturer part number # of continuation code bytes most significant byte (as non- continuation) code 1 lsb msb r31/15-12 r31/11-0 r30/15-12 r30/11-8 r30/7-1 r30/0 4 bits 16 bits 4 bits =0 7 bits
53 mc13180 technical data motorola figure 45. application evaluation schematic (continued on page 54) t p 1 t l 6 c 1 1 c 2 3 3 n t p 2 t l 3 l 1 3 . 9 n t l 7 c 4 4 n / c r 2 n / c r 1 c 1 0 2 2 p c 4 3 . 3 p t l 1 t p 3 r 4 2 7 k c 3 n / c c 4 5 n / c u 7 g n d l n a 1 r f i n 2 g n d l n a 3 e p a e n 4 v c c p a 5 p a + 6 g n d p a 7 p a - 8 g p o 9 e p a d a c 1 0 t i n + 1 1 t i n - 1 2 t o u t + 1 3 g n d l i m 1 5 v c c l i m 1 6 g n d d e m 1 7 v c c d e m 1 8 g n d x 1 9 t o u t - 1 4 b a s e 2 0 e m m 2 1 c o l l 2 2 d c v c o 2 3 d c c p 2 4 v c c d c 2 5 r t x e n 2 6 r f d a t a 2 7 f s 2 8 c l k 2 9 s c k 3 0 s d a t a 3 1 3 2 3 3 v d d i n t 3 4 v d d 3 5 v s s 3 6 v c c c p 3 7 g n d c p 3 8 m l p f 3 9 v c c p r e 4 0 g n d p r e 4 1 v c c v c o 4 2 g n d v c o 4 3 g n d m o d 4 4 v c c m o d 4 5 v c c m i x 4 6 g n d m i x 4 7 v c c l n a 4 8 c 1 6 n / c t p 4 c 6 n / c c 4 3 n / c c 4 1 6 . 8 p t l 2 f l 1 2 . 4 g h z b p f u 6 a s 1 7 9 - 9 2 g n d 2 j 2 3 v 1 4 j 1 5 j 3 1 v 2 6 r 5 6 2 0 c 8 1 2 p c 4 2 n / c c 1 3 3 3 p c 7 2 7 0 p t l 8 c 9 n / c c 5 2 2 p t l 5 r 6 6 2 0 y 1 1 3 m h z t l 4 c 1 2 5 6 0 p c 3 7 1 . 0 n r e s n c e n s p i d s p i c k c l k f s r f d a t a i o r t x e n v c c d e m o v c c c p v c c m o d v c c m i x v c c l n a v c c r f v c c v c o v c c x t a l v c c d c v d d v d d i n t v c c p r e v c c l i m v c c p a m u r a t a l f s n 2 5 n 1 9 c 2 4 5 0 b n d k w - 1 6 8 - 1 7 9 sma johnson 142-0701-881 a l p h a i n d u s t r i e s m c 1 3 1 8 0 r e s c e 0 1 . 5 p ( 0 . 1 p f ) p r i n t e d t r a n s m i s s i o n l i n e s t l 1 = 7 7 ? , 9 . 9 @ 2 . 4 5 g h z t l 2 = 7 7 ? , 9 . 9 @ 2 . 4 5 g h z t l 3 = 7 7 ? , 1 0 . 5 @ 2 . 4 5 g h z t l 4 = 7 7 ? , 1 0 . 5 @ 2 . 4 5 g h z t l 5 = 5 0 ? t l 6 = 5 0 ? t l 7 = 5 0 ? t l 8 = 5 0 ? d e f a u l t u n i t s : f a r a d s , h e n r i e s a n d o h m s n / c = n o c o m p o n e n t antenna switch
54 mc13180 technical data motorola figure 45 application evaluation schematic (continued) c 2 5 n / c c 2 2 1 0 0 n c 2 9 1 0 0 n r 1 0 n / c u 3 t c 1 0 7 3 - 2 . 7 v c t 7 1 3 v i n 1 g n d 2 s h d n 3 e r r o r 4 b y p a s s 5 v o u t 6 r 1 1 n / c c 3 9 j 2 r f d c p w r 1 2 3 4 c 1 8 6 . 8 p c 2 4 6 . 8 p c 2 6 1 0 0 n c 3 1 1 0 0 n c 2 3 2 . 2 n r 1 2 n / c c 2 8 1 0 0 n c 3 8 1 f c 4 0 4 7 0 p v c c m o d v d d v c c p a v c c v c c r f v c c l n a v c c c p v c c d c v c c d e m o v c c m i x v c c v c o v c c p r e v c c l i m v c c r f v c c x t a l f o r t c 1 0 7 1 v c t o n l y j 1 i / o c o n n . 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0 r 1 3 n / c r 1 4 n / c c l k f s n r e s r t x e n n c e n s p i c k r f d a t a i o s p i d v d d i n t v d d i n t 1 . 0 m i c r o c h i p n o t e : r 1 0 c a n b e u t i l i z e d a s a r e g u l a t o r b y p a s s . r 1 1 , r 1 2 , a n d c 2 5 c a n b e u t i l i z e d f o r a l t e r n a t i v e r e g u l a t o r c o n f i g u r a t i o n s . d e f a u l t u n i t s : f a r a d s , h e n r i e s a n d o h m s n / c = n o c o m p o n e n t voltage regulator
application evaluation printed circuit boards motorola mc13180 technical data 55 6 application evaluation printed circuit boards figure 46. application evaluation pcb assembly diagram (not to scale) table 26. application evaluation pcb bill of materials ref size value part number source r1 0402 0 cr0402-16w-000 venkel r2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 0402 n/c r4 0402 27 k ? p27kjct-nd digikey r5, r6 0402 620 ? p620kjct-nd digikey c2 0402 33 nf pcc2140ct-nd digikey c3, 6, 9, 16, 25, 42, 43, 44, 45 0402 n/c c4 0402 3.3 pf evk105ch3r3jw taiyo yuden c5, 10 0402 22 pf c0402cog500220jne venkel c7 0402 270 pf pcc1714ct-nd digikey n/c = no component
56 mc13180 technical data motorola application evaluation printed circuit boards c8 0402 12 pf pcc120cqct-nd digikey c11 0402 1.5 pf ( 0.1 pf) evk105ch1r5bw taiyo yuden c12 0402 560 pf c0402x7r500561jne venkel c13 0402 33 pf c0402cog500330jne venkel c18, 24, 41 0402 6.8 pf c0402cog5006r8jne venkel c22, 26, 28, 29, 31 0402 100 nf c0402x7r500104jne venkel c23 0402 2.2 nf pcc222bqct-nd digikey c37, 38, 39 0603 1.0 f lmk107f105za taiyo yuden c40 0402 470 pf pcc471bqct-nd digikey l1 0402 3.9 nf hk1005-3n9s taiyo yuden u7 qfn-48 transceiver mc13180 motorola u6 sc-706 rf switch as179-92 alpha indust. y1 2.5 x 4 mm 13 mhz w-168-179 ndk fl1 2.5 x 3.2 mm 2.4 ghz lfsn25n19c2450baha504 murata u3 (standard) sot-23-6 2.7 v tc1073-2.7vch713 microchip u3 (optional) sot-23-5 adjustable tc1071vct microchip j1 10 x 2 socket 66956-010 newark j2 2 x 1 connector 22-05-3021 newark sma sma connector 142-0701-881 johnson table 26. application evaluation pcb bill of materials (continued) ref size value part number source
application evaluation printed circuit boards motorola mc13180 technical data 57 figure 47. top side figure 48. ground plane figure 49. vcc plane figure 50. bottom plane 1.175 in 1.120 in
58 mc13180 technical data motorola application evaluation printed circuit boards figure 51. recommended qfn ground flag configuration note: solder paste: smq92j, indium corp solder stencil thickness: 5 mils screen solder stencil qfn ground flag area: 80% of solderable area solder stencil qfn lead pad area: 100% of solderable area the ground flag requires good conduction for optimum intermodulation and c/i performance.
packaging motorola mc13180 technical data 59 7 packaging figure 52. outline dimensions for qfn - 48 (case 1314 - 02, issue c) g m m 1.0 1.00 0.05 c 0.1 c 0.05 c seating plane 6 detail g view rotated 90 clockwise (0.5) (0.24) 0.8 0.75 0.00 notes: 1. dimensions are in millimeters. 2. interpret dimensions and tolerances per asme y14.5m, 1994. 3. the complete jedec designator for this package is: hf-pqfp-n. 4. corner chamfer may not be present. dimensions of optional features are for reference only. 5. corner leads can be used for thermal or ground and are tied to the die attach pad. these leads are not included in the lead count. 6. coplanarity applies to leads, corner leads, and die attach pad. 7. for anvil singulated qfn packages, maximum draft angle is 12. n exposed die attach pad 4.95 37 12 1 48 5.25 48x 0.30 0.18 36 25 13 0.5 0.25 m 0.1 c m 0.05 c a b 48x 0.5 0.3 c 0.1 a b c 0.1 a b view m-m 24 44x detail m pin 1 identifier 4.95 5.25 pin 1 index area 7 b c 0.1 2x 2x c 0.1 a 7 (2.73) (0.25) 0.065 48x 0.015 (45) 4 preferred corner configuration detail n detail t detail m preferred pin 1 backside identifier detail t preferred pin 1 backside identifier (90) 2x 2x 0.39 0.31 0.1 0.0 detail s pin 1 backside identifier option (90) 0.1 min 2x 0.39 0.31 detail s detail m pin 1 backside identifier option (0.4) (0.18) 0.60 0.24 (45) 0.24 0.60 4 5 detail n corner configuration option
mc13180/d how to reach us: usa/europe/locations not listed: motorola literature distribution; p.o. box 5405, denver, colorado 80217 1-303-675-2140 or 1-800-441-2447 japan: motorola japan ltd.; sps, technical information center, 3-20-1, minami-azabu minato-ku, tokyo 106-8573 japan 81-3-3440-3569 asia/pacific: motorola semiconductors h.k. ltd.; silicon harbour centre, 2 dai king street, tai po industrial estate, tai po, n.t., hong kong 852-26668334 technical information center: 1-800-521-6274 home page: http://www.motorola.com/semiconductors information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use motorola products. there are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document. motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. typical parameters which may be provided in motorola data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including typicals must be validated for each customer application by customers technical experts. motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. should buyer purchase or use motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indemnify and hold motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. motorola and the stylized m logo are registered in the u.s. patent and trademark office. the bluetooth trademarks are owned by their proprietor and used by motorola, inc., under license. all other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. motorola, inc. is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. ? motorola, inc. 2003

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